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ediciones
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== General ==
Para editar una página, haz clic en la pestaña "Editar" que está en el borde superior de cada artículo. Esto te llevará a una página con un cuadro de texto que contiene lo que se denomina el ''wikitexto'': el código fuente editable de la cual el servidor genera la página web.
Después de añadir o cambiar la wikitexto es útil para presionar en "Mostrar previsualización", que le mostrará una previsualización de lo que está haciendo, pero si guardar los cambios (no hasta que pulses el botón "Grabar la página"). Los errores en el formato, enlaces, tablas, párrafos etc, son a menudo mucho más fácil descubrir gracias a las previsualizaciones.
Si no estás satisfecho, puede hacer más cambios y previsualizar la página tantas veces como sea necesario. Luego, opcionalmente, puedes escribir un breve resumen de edición en el pequeño campo de texto debajo de la caja de edición y cuando termines pulsa "Guardar".
Puede que le resulte más conveniente copiar y pegar el texto por primera vez en su editor de texto favorito (Word, bloc de notas, etc), editar y revisar la ortografía de allí, y luego volver a pegarla en la caja de edición del artículo que está editando.
=== Secciones, párrafos, listas and líneas ===
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>Qué aparece</th>
<th>Cómo se hace</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Comienza las secciones con línes de cabecera:
<!-- This is the original
== Nueva sección ==
=== Subsección ===
==== Sub-subsección ====
-->
<!-- next set
<h2> Nueva sección </h2>
<h3> Subsección </h3>
<h4> Sub-subsección </h4>
-->
<!-- Este código evita confusión en la función de sección de edición -->
<b><font style="font-size:120%"> Nueva sección </font></b>
<b><font style="font-size:110%"> Subsección</font></b>
<b><font style="font-size:100%"> Sub-subsección</font></b>
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
== Nueva sección ==
=== Subsección ===
==== Sub-subsección ====
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Newline:
A single
newline
has no
effect on the
layout.
But an empty line
starts a new paragraph.
(<nowiki><p></nowiki> disables this paragraphing until <nowiki></p></nowiki> or the end of the section)
(in Cologne Blue two newlines and a div tag give just one newline; in the order newline, div tag, newline, the result is two newlines)
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>
A single
newline
has no
effect on the
layout.
But an empty line
starts a new paragraph.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>You can break lines<br>
without starting a new paragraph.<p>
Sufficient as wikitext code is <br>, the XHTML code <br /> is not needed, the system produces this code.</p></td>
<td><pre><nowiki>You can break lines<br>
without starting a new paragraph.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
* Las listas son fáciles de hacer:
** comienza cada línes con un asterisco
*** más asteriscos agregan más subniveles
*una nueva línea
*en una lista
marca el fin de una lista.
*por supuesto
*puedes
*comenzar de nuevo.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>* Las listas son fáciles de hacer:
** comienza cada línes con un asterisco
*** más asteriscos agregan más subniveles
*una nueva línea
*en una lista
marca el fin de una lista.
*por supuesto
*puedes
*comenzar de nuevo.
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
# Numbered lists are also good
## very organized
## easy to follow
#A newline
#in a list
marks the end of the list.
#New numbering starts
#with 1.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki># Numbered lists are also good
## very organized
## easy to follow
#A newline
#in a list
marks the end of the list.
#New numbering starts
#with 1.
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
* You can even do mixed lists
*# and nest them
*#* like this<br>or have newlines<br>inside lists
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>* You can even do mixed lists
*# and nest them
*#* like this<br>or have newlines<br>inside lists</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
* You can also
**break lines<br>inside lists<br>like this
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>* You can also
**break lines<br>inside lists<br>like this</nowiki></pre>
</td>
<tr>
<td>
; Definition list : list of definitions
; item : the item's definition
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>; Definition list : list
of definitions
; item : the item's definition</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
:A colon indents a line or paragraph.
A manual newline starts a new paragraph.
* This is primarily for displayed material, but is also used for discussion on [[Help:Talk page|Talk page]]s.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>: A colon indents a line or paragraph.
A manual newline starts a new paragraph.
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>IF a line of plain text starts with a space THEN
it will be formatted exactly
as typed;
in a fixed-width font;
lines won't wrap;
ENDIF
this is useful for:
* pasting preformatted text;
* algorithm descriptions;
* program source code
* ASCII art;
* chemical structures;</nowiki></pre>
WARNING If you make it wide,
you force the whole page to be wide and
hence less readable. Never start ordinary lines with spaces.<br>
<center>(see also below)</center>
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki> IF a line of plain text starts with a space THEN
it will be formatted exactly
as typed;
in a fixed-width font;
lines won't wrap;
ENDIF
this is useful for:
* pasting preformatted text;
* algorithm descriptions;
* program source code
* ASCII art;
* chemical structures;</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><center>Centered text.</center>
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki><center>Centered text.</center></nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A horizontal dividing line|horizontal dividing line: above
----
and below.
Mainly useful for separating threads on Talk pages.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>A horizontal dividing line: above
----
and below. </nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
Summarizing the effect of a single newline: no effect in general, but it ends a list item or indented part; thus changing some text into a list item, or indenting it, is more cumbersome if it contains newlines, they have to be removed; see also [[w:Wikipedia:Don't use line breaks]].
=== Links, URLs ===
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>What it looks like</th>
<th>What you type</th>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Sue is reading the [[video policy]].
*First letter of target is automatically capitalized.
*Internally spaces are automatically represented as underscores (typing an underscore has the same effect as typing a space, but is not recommended).
Thus the [[link]] above is to <nowiki>http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_policy</nowiki>, which is the page with the name "Video policy".
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>Sue is reading the [[video policy]].</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>
Link to a section on a page, e.g.
[[List_of_cities_by_country#Morocco]]; when section editing does not work the link is treated as link to the page, i.e. to the top; this applies for:
*links to non-existent sections
*links in redirects
*interwiki links</td><td>
<pre><nowiki>[[List_of_cities_by_country#Morocco]].</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Link target and link label are different: [[User:Larry Sanger|answers]].
(This is called a [[piped link]]).
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>Same target, different name:
[[User:Larry Sanger|answers]]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>Endings are blended into the link: [[official position]]s, [[gene]]s</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>Endings are blended
into the link: [[official position]]s, [[gene]]s</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
Automatically hide stuff in parentheses: [[kingdom (biology)|kingdom]].
<p>Automatically hide namespace: [[Wikipedia:Village pump|Village pump]].</p>
<p>The server fills in the part after the | when you save the page. Next time you open the edit box you will see the expanded piped link. A preview interprets the abbreviated form correctly, but does not expand it yet in the edit box. Press Save and again Edit, and you will see the expanded version. The same applies for the following feature.</p>
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>Automatically hide stuff in parentheses:
[[kingdom (biology)|]]. </nowiki></pre>
<pre><nowiki>Automatically hide namespace:
[[Wikipedia:Village pump|]].</nowiki></pre>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>When adding a comment to a Talk page,
you should sign it. You can do this by
adding three tildes for your user name:
: [[User:Karl Wick|Karl Wick]]
or four for user name plus date/time:
: [[User:Karl Wick|Karl Wick]] 08:10 Oct 5, 2002 (UTC)
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>When adding a comment to a Talk page,
you should sign it. You can do this by
adding three tildes for your user name:
: ~~~
or four for user name plus date/time:
: ~~~~</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>[[The weather in London]] is a page that doesn't exist yet.
*You can create it by clicking on the link.
*To create a new page:
*#Create a link to it on some other page.
*#Save that page.
*#Click on the link you just made. The new page will open for editing.
*Have a look at [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Starting a new page|how to start a page]] guide and the naming conventions page for your project.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>[[The weather in London]] is a page
that doesn't exist yet.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>
[[MediaWiki User's Guide: Using redirects|Redirect]] one article title to another by putting text like this in its first line.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>#REDIRECT [[United States]]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>
A link to the page on the same subject in another language or, more generally, to a page on another wiki:
[[:fr:Wikipédia:Aide]].
For more info see [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Interwiki linking]].
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>[[fr:Wikipédia:Aide]], [[:fr:Wikipédia:Aide]]</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>"What links here" and "Related changes" can be linked as:<br/>
[[Special:Whatlinkshere/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] and
[[Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
[[Special:Whatlinkshere/
Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] and
[[Special:Recentchangeslinked/
Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>External links: [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia], [http://www.nupedia.com]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>External links:
[http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia],
[http://www.nupedia.com]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>Or just give the URL: http://www.nupedia.com.
*In the URL all symbols must be among: A-Z a-z 0-9 ._\/~%-+&#?!=()@ \x80-\xFF. If a URL contains a different character it should be converted; for example, ^ has to be written %5E (to be looked up in ASCII). A blank space can also be converted into an underscore.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>Or just give the URL:
http://www.nupedia.com.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
To link to books, you can use ISBN|ISBN links.
ISBN 0123456789X See [[Help:ISBN links]]
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>ISBN 0123456789X</nowiki></pre>
</td>
<tr>
<td>
Link to [[w:Request for Comments|Request for Comments]]: RFC 123 (URL specified in [[mediawiki:Rfcurl]])
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>RFC 123</nowiki></pre>
</td>
<tr>
<td>
To include links to non-image uploads such as sounds, use a "media" link.
<br/>[[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]
</td>
<td>
<pre>
<nowiki>
[[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>Use links for dates, so everyone can set their own display order. Use [[Special:Preferences]] to change your own date display setting.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>[[July 20]], [[1969]] , [[20 July]] [[1969]]
and [[1969]]-[[07-20]]
</nowiki></pre>will all appear as [[20 July]] [[1969]] if you set your date display preference to 1 January 2001.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
=== Images ===
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>What it looks like</th>
<th>What you type</th>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>A picture: [[Image:Wiki.png|Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia]]
* For many projects, only images that have been uploaded to the same project can be used. To upload images, use the [[Special:Upload|upload page]]. You can find the uploaded image on the [[Special:Imagelist|image list]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
A picture: [[Image:Wiki.png]]</nowiki></pre>
or, with alternate text (''strongly'' encouraged) <!-- actually required in HTML4 -->
<pre><nowiki>[[Image:Wiki.png|Wikipedia
- The Free Encyclopedia]] </nowiki>
</pre>
Web browsers render alternate text when not displaying an image -- for example, when the image isn't loaded, or in a text-only browser, or when spoken aloud. See [[Wikipedia:Alternate text for images|Alternate text for images]] for help on choosing alternate text. See [[Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax|Extended image syntax]] for more options.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Clicking on an uploaded image displays a description page, which you can also link directly to: [[:Image:Wiki.png]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
[[:Image:Wiki.png]]
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
To include links to images shown as links instead of drawn on the page, use a "media" link.
<br/>[[media:Tornado.jpg|Image of a Tornado]]
</td>
<td>
<pre>
<nowiki>
[[media:Tornado.jpg|Image of a Tornado]]
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
=== HTML Tables ===
HTML tables can be quite useful as well. For details on how to use them and discussion about when they are appropriate, see [[Help:Table]].
=== Character formatting ===
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>What it looks like</th>
<th>What you type</th>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>
''Emphasize'', '''strongly''', '''''very strongly'''''.
*These are double and triple apostrophes, not double quotes.
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>''Emphasize'', '''strongly''',
'''''very strongly'''''.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>
You can also write <i>italic</i> and <b>bold</b>
if the desired effect is a specific font style
rather than emphasis, as in mathematical formulae:
:<b>F</b> = <i>m</i><b>a</b>
*However, the difference between these two methods is not very important for graphical browsers, and many people choose to ignore it.
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>You can also write <i>italic</i>
and <b>bold</b> if the desired effect is a
specific font style rather than emphasis, as
in mathematical formulas:
:<b>F</b> = <i>m</i><b>a</b></nowiki></pre><!-- that's not a mathematical formula, though -- sure it is, just because it's being applied to physics doesn't make it stop being mathematics -->
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>A typewriter font for <tt>technical terms</tt>.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>A typewriter font for
<tt>technical terms</tt>.</nowiki></pre>
</td><!-- tt is really 'teletype', not 'technical term' -->
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>You can use <small>small text</small> for captions.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>You can use <small>small text</small>
for captions.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>You can <strike>strike out deleted material</strike>
and <u>underline new material</u>.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>You can <strike>strike out deleted material</strike>
and <u>underline new material</u>.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
'''Umlauts and accents:''' (See [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Creating special characters]])<br/>
è é ê ë ì í<br/>
<br/>
À Á Â Ã Ä Å <br/>
Æ Ç È É Ê Ë <br/>
Ì Í
Î Ï Ñ Ò <br/>
Ó Ô Õ
Ö Ø Ù <br/>
Ú Û Ü ß
à á <br/>
â ã ä å æ
ç <br/>
è é ê ë ì í<br/>
î ï ñ ò ó ô <br/>
œ õ
ö ø ù ú <br/>
û ü ÿ
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
è é ê ë ì í
&Agrave; &Aacute; &Acirc; &Atilde; &Auml; &Aring;
&AElig; &Ccedil; &Egrave; &Eacute; &Ecirc; &Euml;
&Igrave; &Iacute; &Icirc; &Iuml; &Ntilde; &Ograve;
&Oacute; &Ocirc; &Otilde; &Ouml; &Oslash; &Ugrave;
&Uacute; &Ucirc; &Uuml; &szlig; &agrave; &aacute;
&acirc; &atilde; &auml; &aring; &aelig; &ccedil;
&egrave; &eacute; &ecirc; &euml; &igrave; &iacute;
&icirc; &iuml; &ntilde; &ograve; &oacute; &ocirc;
&oelig; &otilde; &ouml; &oslash; &ugrave; &uacute;
&ucirc; &uuml; &yuml;</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>
'''Punctuation:'''<br/>
¿ ¡ « » § ¶<br/>
† ‡ • —
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
&iquest; &iexcl; &laquo; &raquo; &sect; &para;
&dagger; &Dagger; &bull; &mdash;</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
'''Commercial symbols:'''<br/>
™ © ® ¢ € ¥ <br/>
£ ¤</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
&trade; &copy; &reg; &cent; &euro; &yen;
&pound; &curren;
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top" id="subscript"><td>Subscript: x<sub>2</sub><br/>
Superscript: x<sup>2</sup> or x²
*The latter method of superscript can't be used in the most general context, but is preferred when possible (as with units of measurement) because most browsers have an easier time formatting lines with it.
ε<sub>0</sub> =
8.85 × 10<sup>−12</sup>
C² / J m.
<br/>
<br/>
1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m²]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>Subscript: x<sub>2</sub>
Superscript: x<sup>2</sup> or x&sup2;
or in projects with the templates sub and sup:
Subscript: x{{sub|2}}
Superscript: x{{sup|2}}
&epsilon;<sub>0</sub> =
8.85 &times; 10<sup>&minus;12</sup>
C&sup2; / J m.
1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m²]]
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>'''Greek characters:''' <br/>
α β γ δ ε ζ <br/>
η θ ι κ λ μ ν <br/>
ξ ο π ρ σ ς <br/>
τ υ φ χ ψ ω<br/>
Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π <br/>
Σ Φ Ψ Ω
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
&alpha; &beta; &gamma; &delta; &epsilon; &zeta;
&eta; &theta; &iota; &kappa; &lambda; &mu; &nu;
&xi; &omicron; &pi; &rho; &sigma; &sigmaf;
&tau; &upsilon; &phi; &chi; &psi; &omega;
&Gamma; &Delta; &Theta; &Lambda; &Xi; &Pi;
&Sigma; &Phi; &Psi; &Omega;
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
'''Math characters:''' <br/>
∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞<br/>
≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ →<br/>
× · ÷ ∂ ′ ″<br/>
∇ ‰ ° ∴ ℵ ø<br/>
∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇<br/>
¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔<br/>
→ ↔<br/>
</td>
<td valign="middle"><pre><nowiki>
&int; &sum; &prod; &radic; &minus; &plusmn; &infin;
&asymp; &prop; &equiv; &ne; &le; &ge; &rarr;
&times; &middot; &divide; &part; &prime; &Prime;
&nabla; &permil; &deg; &there4; &alefsym; &oslash;
&isin; &notin; &cap; &cup; &sub; &sup; &sube; &supe;
&not; &and; &or; &exist; &forall; &rArr; &hArr;
&rarr; &harr;</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><i>x</i><sup>2</sup> ≥ 0 true.
*To space things out, use non-breaking spaces - <tt>&nbsp;</tt>.
*<tt>&nbsp;</tt> also prevents line breaks in the middle of text, this is useful in formulas.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
<i>x</i><sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&ge;&nbsp;&nbsp;0 true.
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Complicated formulae:'''<br/>
<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>
* See [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Editing mathematical formulae:TeX markup|TeX markup]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''For comparison for the following examples:'''
arrow →
''italics''
[[link]]
</td>
<td valign="bottom">
<pre><nowiki>arrow &rarr;
''italics''
[[link]]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Use <nowiki> to suppress interpretation of wiki markup, but interpret character references and remove newlines and multiple spaces:'''
<nowiki>arrow →
''italics''
[[link]]
</nowiki>
</td>
<td valign="bottom">
<pre><nowiki><nowiki>arrow &rarr;
''italics''
[[link]]</nowiki></nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Use <nowiki><pre></nowiki> to suppress interpretation of wiki markup and keep newlines and multiple spaces, and get typewriter font, but interpret character references:'''
<pre>arrow →
''italics''
[[link]]
</pre>
</td>
<td valign="bottom">
<pre><nowiki><pre>arrow &rarr;
''italics''
[[link]]</pre></nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Use leading space on each line to keep newlines and multiple spaces, and get typewriter font:
<pre> arrow →
''italics''
[[link]]
</pre>
</td>
<td valign="bottom">
<pre> <nowiki>arrow &rarr;
''italics''
[[link]]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Use typewriter font:'''
<tt>arrow →</tt>
<tt>''italics''</tt>
<tt>[[link]]</tt>
</td>
<td valign="bottom">
<pre><nowiki><tt>arrow &rarr;</tt>
<tt>''italics''</tt>
<tt>[[link]]</nowiki></tt></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Show character references:'''
&rarr;
</td>
<td valign="bottom">
<pre>&amp;rarr;</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
'''Commenting page source:'''<br/>
''not shown in page''
* Used to leave comments in a page for future editors.
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki><!-- comment here --></nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
==Templates==
Some part of a page may correspond in the edit box to just a reference to another page, in the form <nowiki>{{</nowiki>''name''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>, referring to the page "Template:''name''" (or if the name starts with a namespace prefix, it refers to the page with that name; if it starts with a colon it refers to the page in the main namespace with that name without the colon). This is called a [[help:template|template]]. For changing that part of the page, edit that other page. Sometimes a separate edit link is provided for this purpose. A convenient way to put such a link in a template is with a template like [[m:Template:ed]]. Note that the change also affects other pages which use the same template.
